Encoders and decoders come in a variety of common types, primarily including the following:

　　Encoders and decoders come in a variety of common types, primarily including the following:

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Video codec Such as H.264 (AVC), HEVC, and others, these codecs are widely used in video compression and transmission to enhance the efficiency of video storage and delivery.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Audio codec Such as MP3, AAC, and others, these formats are used to compress audio data, reducing file size while preserving sound quality as much as possible.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Data codec In data transmission and processing, an encoder converts raw data into a specific format to compress it, while a decoder performs the reverse operation to reconstruct the original data.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Sensor encoder Such as optical encoders and magnetic encoders, these devices are used to detect the position, speed, and direction of mechanical motion and are widely employed in industrial automation and control systems.

　　The operating principle of an encoder–decoder primarily involves signal conversion and transmission.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Operating principle of the encoder : An encoder is responsible for converting input signals—such as bit streams or mechanical motion—into signals of a specific format, enabling communication, transmission, and storage. In the field of digital video surveillance, an encoder captures analog video signals, converts them into digital form, compresses and encodes them, and then encapsulates them into data packets for network transmission. 1. In the electromechanical domain, an encoder transforms mechanical motion into electrical signals by using photoelectric sensors to detect slits or reflective strips on an encoder disk, generating distinct sequences of electrical signals that represent the angular position or distance of the mechanical motion. 2.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Decoder operating principle The decoder performs the reverse operation, converting the received encoded signal back into its original form. In digital video surveillance, the decoder receives data packets from the network, unpacks and decodes them, converts the digital signal back into an analog video signal, and outputs it through its output port.

　　Encoders and decoders are widely used in numerous fields, primarily including:

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Multimedia Processing In the video and audio domains, encoders compress raw signals into encoded files, reducing storage requirements and bandwidth needs; decoders, in turn, restore these encoded files to their original form for playback on compatible devices.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Industrial automation In fields such as robotics, CNC machine tools, and servo systems, encoders are used to measure and control the rotational speed, position, and angle of equipment, enabling automated production and machining.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Communications field In data transmission and communication systems, encoders and decoders are responsible for encoding and decoding signals, ensuring the reliable transmission and reception of data.

　　Original text contains only an invisible character (zero-width non-joiner); there is no translatable content. Original: '‌' Security Monitoring In a high-definition video surveillance system, the encoder compresses and transmits the video signal, while the decoder reconstructs the video signal at the receiving end, enabling remote monitoring.

　　These applications demonstrate the critical role of encoders and decoders in data processing and transmission.